Контрольная работа по английскому языку

Контрольная работа по английскому языку
Контрольная работа №4.
ВАРИАНТ 3
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Контрольная работа №4.
ВАРИАНТ 3

Упр. 1. Инфинитив. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление инфинитива в разных функциях.
1. To control the operation of trains moving in different directions and at different speeds, railroads have developed complex systems of communications and signaling.
2. In the U.S., the Baltimore Railway Company was the first to put forward the idea of centralized traffic control.
3. The main function of ballast is to drain the water away and to distribute the load evenly over the track.
4. To convey fresh meat, fruits, vegetables and other food products over long distances became possible with the invention of the refrigerator car.
5. New passenger cars to be introduced by the end of the year will be equipped with an up-to-date system of air-conditioning.

Упр. 2. Инфинитивные конструкции. (A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление конструкции Complex Subject. Подчеркните сложное подлежащее.
1. At a large railway terminal, there are so many tracks that trains seem to be arriving or departing every minute.
2. The introduction of tilting trains is sure to reduce journey time on this mainline.
3. The railways are known to carry 80 % of all freight because only the railways can transport anything, almost anywhere and do it without thinking of weather conditions.

(B) Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление конструкции Complex Object. Подчеркните сложное дополнение.
1. The railway men expect the passenger turnover to be reduced because of a considerable increase in train fares.
2. Modern machinery enables a small group of workers to maintain a relatively long section of railroad track.
3. The special commission set up after the train accident required the railway operator to improve safety measures at the level crossings.

Упр. 3. Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have. Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Укажите функцию глаголов to be и to have.
1. Special snow-cleaning machines have been developed for clearing the tracks of snow.
2. The engineers had to take the whole device apart to discover the cause of the trouble.
3. Although the railways are the main cargo haulers, motor transport carries the greatest number of passengers.
4. Periodically, ballast is to be removed and replaced with clean ballast to ensure adequate drainage, especially if wooden ties are used.
5. The first double-deck buses appeared in London in 1851 but at that time, the upper deck had no roof and the passengers were given raincoats to put on if it started to rain

Упр. 4. Условные Предложения. Составьте предложения из двух частей. Письменно переведите предложения, которые относятся ко второму типу.
1. The construction of the new railway line would have been finished much earlier …
2. Were the mechanic here, …
3. The train will cover the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 3 hours …
4. Had you planned your time better, …
5. If they received all the necessary equipment, …
a) they would be able to carry out their experiment.
b) if it moves at a speed of 250 km/h.
c) you wouldn't have come at the station one minute before the train departure.
d) if the weather conditions had been favorable.
e) he would repair the engine.

Упр. 5. Задайте общие, разделительные, альтернативные и специальные вопросы.
1. In 2007, high-speed trains traveling at 350 km/h were introduced in Spain.
2. British Railways operate more than 30,500 containers with an average tonnage capacity of 3-4 tons.
3. The rails are called T-rails because of their shape.
4. Separate compartments in passenger carriages first appeared in Europe in 1873 .
5. A project to connect Thailand to Laos by the high-speed railway has been delayed for an indefinite time because of a lack of funds .
Упр. 6. Перепишите текст и переведите его.
QUINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY1

The Quighai-Tibet railway (QTR) is a high-altitude railway that connects Xining2, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa3, Tibet Autonomous Region, in China. The total length of the QTR is 1,956 km. Construction of the 815 km section between Xining and Golmud4 was completed by 1984. The 1,142 km section between Golmud and Lhasa was inaugurated on 1 July 2006 by president Hu Jintao. This world’s highest railway5 is considered one of China's major accomplishments of the 21st century.
More than 960 km, or over 80% of the Golmud-Lhasa section, runs at altitudes in excess of 4,000m above sea level. There are 44 railway stations, among them Tanggula6 Mountain, at 5,068 m the world's highest station. 675 bridges, totalling 160 km are built and about 550 km of the railway is laid on permafrost.
A lot of technical difficulties connected with building railroad tracks at this altitude and on permafrost area had to be overcome. Among them were freezing temperatures all year round, lack of oxygen, fierce sandstorms, frozen soil and strong ultraviolet radiation.
The Tibet Railway project involved more than 20,000 workers and over 6,000 pieces of equipment. Construction workers were supported by more than 600 medical staff. Workers were often sent for breaks in lowland areas. 17 oxygen tents were provided along the length of the line. In the Kunlun7 Mountain tunnel, workers had to carry 5kg oxygen cylinders to assist breathing. In the Fenghuoshan8 tunnel, an oxygen-producing station was specially built.
The railway was opened to regular service in October 2006. Since that time, 5 passenger trains have run between Golmud and Lhasa, and one more train between Xining and Golmud. The operational speed is 120 kmh, 100 kmh over sections laid on permafrost. The trains are specially built for high-altitude environment. The air-conditioned carriages are equipped with special enriched-oxygen9 and UV-protection systems. Besides that, there is an individual oxygen mask for each passenger.
A Passenger Health Registration Card10 is required to take the Golmud-Lhasa train. The card can be obtained when purchasing the ticket. Passengers must read the health notice11 and sign the agreement on the card. On 28 August 2006, a 75-year-old Hong Kong man was reported to be the first passenger to die on the train. He had suffered heart problems but insisted on travelling to Xining.

Notes:
1Quighai-Tibet railway – Цинхай- Тибетская железнодорожная магистраль
2Xining – Синин
3Lhasa – Лхаса ( столица Тибетского автономного округа )
4Golmud – Голмуд
5the highest railway – самая высокогорная железная дорога
6Tanggula – Тангла ( Тангула)
7Kunlun – Куньлунь
8Fenghuoshan – Фэнхошань
9enriched-oxygen system – система подачи обогащённого кислородом воздуха
10Passenger Health Registration Card – регистрационная медкарта пассажира
11health notice – предупреждение об опасности для здоровья, медицинская памятка

Контрольная работа №4.
ВАРИАНТ 3

Упр. 1. Инфинитив. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление инфинитива в разных функциях.
1. To control the operation of trains moving in different directions and at different speeds, railroads have developed complex systems of communications and signaling.
2. In the U.S., the Baltimore Railway Company was the first to put forward the idea of centralized traffic control.
3. The main function of ballast is to drain the water away and to distribute the load evenly over the track.
4. To convey fresh meat, fruits, vegetables and other food products over long distances became possible with the invention of the refrigerator car.
5. New passenger cars to be introduced by the end of the year will be equipped with an up-to -date system of air-conditioning.

Упр. 2. Инфинитивные конструкции. (A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление конструкции Complex Subject. Подчеркните сложное подлежащее.
1. At a large railway terminal, there are so many tracks that trains seem to be arriving or departing every minute.
2. The introduction of tilting trains is sure to reduce journey time on this mainline.
3. The railways are known to carry 80 % of all freight because only the railways can transport anything, almost anywhere and do it without thinking of weather conditions.

(B) Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на употребление конструкции Complex Object. Подчеркните сложное дополнение.
1. The railway men expect the passenger turnover to be reduced because of a considerable increase in train fares.
2. Modern machinery enables a small group of workers to maintain a relatively long section of railroad track.
3. The special commission set up after the train accident required the railway operator to improve safety measures at the level crossings.

Упр. 3. Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have. Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Укажите функцию глаголов to be и to have.
1. Special snow-cleaning machines have been developed for clearing the tracks of snow.
2. The engineers had to take the whole device apart to discover the cause of the trouble.
3. Although the railways are the main cargo haulers, motor transport carries the greatest number of passengers.
4. Periodically, ballast is to be removed and replaced with clean ballast to ensure adequate drainage, especially if wooden ties are used.
5. The first double-deck buses appeared in London in 1851 but at that time, the upper deck had no roof and the passengers were given raincoats to put on if it started to rain

Упр. 4. Условные Предложения. Составьте предложения из двух частей. Письменно переведите предложения, которые относятся ко второму типу.
1. The construction of the new railway line would have been finished much earlier …
2. Were the mechanic here, …
3. The train will cover the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 3 hours …
4. Had you planned your time better, …
5. If they received all the necessary equipment, …
a) they would be able to carry out their experiment.
b) if it moves at a speed of 250 km/h.
c) you wouldn't have come at the station one minute before the train departure.
d) if the weather conditions had been favorable.
e) he would repair the engine.

Упр. 5. Задайте общие, разделительные, альтернативные и специальные вопросы.
1. In 2007, high-speed trains traveling at 350 km/h were introduced in Spain.
2. British Railways operate more than 30,500 containers with an average tonnage capacity of 3-4 tons.
3. The rails are called T-rails because of their shape.
4. Separate compartments in passenger carriages first appeared in Europe in 1873 .
5. A project to connect Thailand to Laos by the high-speed railway has been delayed for an indefinite time because of a lack of funds .
Упр. 6. Перепишите текст и переведите его.
QUINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY1

The Quighai-Tibet railway (QTR) is a high-altitude railway that connects Xining2, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa3, Tibet Autonomous Region, in China. The total length of the QTR is 1,956 km. Construction of the 815 km section between Xining and Golmud4 was completed by 1984. The 1,142 km section between Golmud and Lhasa was inaugurated on 1 July 2006 by president Hu Jintao. This world’s highest railway5 is considered one of China's major accomplishments of the 21st century.
More than 960 km, or over 80% of the Golmud-Lhasa section, runs at altitudes in excess of 4,000m above sea level. There are 44 railway stations, among them Tanggula6 Mountain, at 5,068 m the world's highest station. 675 bridges, totalling 160 km are built and about 550 km of the railway is laid on permafrost.
A lot of technical difficulties connected with building railroad tracks at this altitude and on permafrost area had to be overcome. Among them were freezing temperatures all year round, lack of oxygen, fierce sandstorms, frozen soil and strong ultraviolet radiation.
The Tibet Railway project involved more than 20,000 workers and over 6,000 pieces of equipment. Construction workers were supported by more than 600 medical staff. Workers were often sent for breaks in lowland areas. 17 oxygen tents were provided along the length of the line. In the Kunlun7 Mountain tunnel, workers had to carry 5kg oxygen cylinders to assist breathing. In the Fenghuoshan8 tunnel, an oxygen-producing station was specially built.
The railway was opened to regular service in October 2006. Since that time, 5 passenger trains have run between Golmud and Lhasa, and one more train between Xining and Golmud. The operational speed is 120 kmh, 100 kmh over sections laid on permafrost. The trains are specially built for high-altitude environment. The air-conditioned carriages are equipped with special enriched-oxygen9 and UV-protection systems. Besides that, there is an individual oxygen mask for each passenger.
A Passenger Health Registration Card10 is required to take the Golmud-Lhasa train. The card can be obtained when purchasing the ticket. Passengers must read the health notice11 and sign the agreement on the card. On 28 August 2006, a 75-year-old Hong Kong man was reported to be the first passenger to die on the train. He had suffered heart problems but insisted on travelling to Xining.

Notes:
1Quighai-Tibet railway – Цинхай- Тибетская железнодорожная магистраль
2Xining – Синин
3Lhasa – Лхаса ( столица Тибетского автономного округа )
4Golmud – Голмуд
5the highest railway – самая высокогорная железная дорога
6Tanggula – Тангла ( Тангула)
7Kunlun – Куньлунь
8Fenghuoshan – Фэнхошань
9enriched-oxygen system – система подачи обогащённого кислородом воздуха
10Passenger Health Registration Card – регистрационная медкарта пассажира
11health notice – предупреждение об опасности для здоровья, медицинская памятка

4. Periodically, ballast is (модальный глагол) to be removed and replaced with clean ballast to ensure adequate drainage, especially if wooden ties are (вспомогательный глагол в пассиве) used. Время от времени, балласт необходимо убирать и менять на новый, чтобы обеспечить надлежащую сушку, особенно в случае, если используются деревянные шпалы.5. The first double-deck buses appeared in London in 1851 but at that time, the upper deck had (смысловой глагол «иметь») no roof and the passengers were (вспомогательный глагол в пассиве) given raincoats to put on if it started to rain Первые двухэтажные автобусы появились в Лондоне в 1851 году, но в то время, на верхнем этаже не было крыши, и пассажирам давали дождевики, если шёл дождь. Упр. 4. Условные Предложения. Составьте предложения из двух частей. Письменно переведите предложения, которые относятся ко второму типу. 1. The construction of the new railway line would have been finished much earlier d) if the weather conditions had been favorable. 2. Were the mechanic here, e) he would repair the engine.Если бы механик был здесь, он бы починил двигатель. 3. The train will cover the distance from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 3 hours b) if it moves at a speed of 250 km/h. 4. Had you planned your time better, c) you wouldn't have come at the station one minute before the train departure.Если бы ты лучше планировал своё время, ты бы не приехал на вокзал за минуту до отправления поезда.5. If they received all the necessary equipment, a) they would be able to carry out their experiment.Если бы они получили всё необходимое оборудование, они бы смогли провести свой эксперимент. Упр. 5. Задайте общие, разделительные, альтернативные и специальные вопросы. 1. In 2007, high-speed trains traveling at 350 km/h were introduced in Spain. Were high-speed trains traveling at 350 km/h introduced in 2007 in Spain?In 2007, high-speed trains traveling at 350 km/h were introduced in Spain, weren’t they?Were high-speed trains traveling at 350 km/h introduced in 2007 in Spain or in Italy?Where were high-speed trains traveling at 350 km/h introduced in 2007?2. British Railways operate more than 30,500 containers with an average tonnage capacity of 3-4 tons. Do British Railways operate more than 30,500 containers with an average tonnage capacity of 3-4 tons?British Railways operate more than 30,500 containers with an average tonnage capacity of 3-4 tons, don’t they?Do British Railways operate more than 30,500 containers with an average tonnage capacity of 3 or 4 tons?How many containers do British Railways operate with an average tonnage capacity of 3-4 tons?3. The rails are called T-rails because of their shape. Are the rails called T-rails because of their shape?The rails are called T-rails because of their shape, aren’t they?Are the rails called T-rails because of their shape or because of their material?Why are the rails called T-rails?4. Separate compartments in passenger carriages first appeared in Europe in 1873. Did separate compartments in passenger carriages first appear in Europe in 1873?Separate compartments in passenger carriages first appeared in Europe in 1873, didn’t they?Did separate compartments in passenger carriages first appear in Europe in 1873 or in 1837?When did separate compartments in passenger carriages first appear in Europe?5. A project to connect Thailand to Laos by the high-speed railway has been delayed for an indefinite time because of a lack of funds. Has a project to connect Thailand to Laos by the high-speed railway been delayed for an indefinite time because of a lack of funds?A project to connect Thailand to Laos by the high-speed railway has been delayed for an indefinite time because of a lack of funds, hasn’t it?Has a project to connect Thailand to Laos by the high-speed railway been delayed for an indefinite time because of a lack of funds or because of a bad weather?Why has a project to connect Thailand to Laos by the high-speed railway been delayed for an indefinite time? Упр. 6. Перепишите текст и переведите его. QUINGHAI-TIBET RAILWAY1 The Quighai-Tibet railway (QTR) is a high-altitude railway that connects Xining2, Qinghai Province, to Lhasa3, Tibet Autonomous Region, in China. The total length of the QTR is 1,956 km. Construction of the 815 km section between Xining and Golmud4 was completed by 1984. The 1,142 km section between Golmud and Lhasa was inaugurated on 1 July 2006 by President Hu Jintao. This world’s highest railway5 is considered one of China's major accomplishments of the 21st century. More than 960 km, or over 80% of the Golmud-Lhasa section, runs at altitudes in excess of 4,000m above sea level. There are 44 railway stations, among them Tanggula6 Mountain, at 5,068 m the world's highest station. 675 bridges, totaling 160 km are built and about 550 km of the railway is laid on permafrost. A lot of technical difficulties connected with building railroad tracks at this altitude and on permafrost area had to be overcome. Among them were freezing temperatures all year round, lack of oxygen, fierce sandstorms, frozen soil and strong ultraviolet radiation. The Tibet Railway project involved more than 20,000 workers and over 6,000 pieces of equipment. Construction workers were supported by more than 600 medical staff. Workers were often sent for breaks in lowland areas.